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Cape Horn (Dutch: , (スペイン語:Cabo de Hornos)), named after the city of Hoorn in the Netherlands, is the southernmost headland of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile, and is located on the small Hornos Island. Although not the most southerly point of South America (which are the Diego Ramírez Islands), Cape Horn marks the northern boundary of the Drake Passage and marks where the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans collide. For decades it was a major milestone on the clipper route, by which sailing ships carried trade around the world. The waters around Cape Horn are particularly hazardous, owing to strong winds, large waves, strong currents and icebergs; these dangers have made it notorious as a sailors' graveyard. The need for ships to round Cape Horn was greatly reduced by the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914. Sailing around the Horn is widely regarded as one of the major challenges in yachting. Thus, a few recreational sailors continue to sail this route, sometimes as part of a circumnavigation of the globe, and almost all of these choosing routes through the channels to the north of the Cape. (Many take a detour through the islands and anchor to wait for fair weather to visit Horn Island, or sail around it to replicate a rounding of this historic point). Several prominent ocean yacht races, notably the Volvo Ocean Race, the VELUX 5 Oceans, and the Vendée Globe, sail around the world via the Horn. Speed records for round-the-world sailing are recognized for following this route. There have been a number of small boat roundings of the Horn but one in particular stands out: Howard Rice sailed and paddled a wood canvas folding canoe doubling the Horn. In 1987 The British Cape Horn Expedition, headed by Nigel H Seymour, rounded Cape Horn in the worlds first ever 'sailing kayaks' called 'Kaymaran' two sea going kayaks which could link together with two sails mountable in any four of the sailing positions between the two kayaks... == Geography and ecology == Cape Horn is located at , on Isla Hornos in the Hermite Islands group, at the southern end of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago.〔(''Cape Horn the Terrible'' ), by Paolo Venanzangeli; from Nautical Web. Retrieved February 5, 2006.〕〔(''Cabo de Hornos'' ), by Mariolina Rolfo and Giorgio Ardrizzi. From ''Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego Nautical Guide'', Editrice Incontri Nautici, 2004. ISBN 88-85986-34-X〕 It marks the north edge of the Drake Passage, the strait between South America and Antarctica. It is located in Cabo de Hornos National Park. Cape Horn was originally given the Dutch name ''Kaap Hoorn'', in honor of the Dutch city of Hoorn. In a typical example of false cognates, the Hoorn became known in English as "Cape Horn", and in Spanish as "Cabo de Hornos" (which literally means "Cape of Ovens"), a typical example of false friend.〔(''Perilous Cape Horn'' ), by P.J. Gladnick; from eSsortment, 2002. Retrieved January 19, 2012.〕 It is commonly known to English-speaking sailors as "The Horn."〔''Rounding the Horn'', by Dallas Murphy; Basic Books, 2004. ISBN 0-465-04759-9〕 The cape lies within what are now Chilean territorial waters, and the Chilean Navy maintains a station on Hoorn Island, consisting of a residence, utility building, chapel, and lighthouse.〔(''Isla Hornos Lighthouse'' ), from Lighthouse Depot. Retrieved February 5, 2006.〕 A short distance from the main station is a memorial, including a large sculpture made by Chilean sculptor José Balcells featuring the silhouette of an albatross, in remembrance of the sailors who died while attempting to "round the Horn". It was erected in 1992 through the initiative of the Chilean Section of the Cape Horn Captains Brotherhood.〔(''Cape Horn Memorial'' ), by Roberto Benavente; from Fundacion Caphorniers Chile. Retrieved February 5, 2006.〕 The terrain is entirely treeless, although quite lush owing to frequent precipitation. Cape Horn is the southern limit of the range of the Magellanic penguin.〔C. Michael Hogan. 2008. (''Magellanic Penguin'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cape Horn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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